Descriptive Study on Addiction Rehabilitation Centers in Mashhad, With a Glimpse to Influential Factors for Discontinuing the Treatment by Patients
Masoumeh
Taheri
MSc candidate of Biochemistry, Payam Noor University, Mashhad, Iran
author
Reza
Afshari
Associate Professor of Clinical Toxicology, Addiction Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Background: Maintenance treatments have been used extensively for opioid addicts in Iran. Generally all health related processes should be assessed and monitored for possible defects and to provide recommendations for improving the implementation of the executive-scientific process. In this regard, in this study the executive problems of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in Mashhad were investigated. Methods: In this descriptive study, 35 out of 500 MMT clinics in Mashhad have been selected by easy random sampling. Interview with technical officers and supervisors of the clinics was done in winter 2014. Problems raised by the technical officers and supervisors were classified and analyzed. Results: The problems posed by technical officers were classified to 5 general categories. Most important and frequent problems included supply of methadone in the illegal market (31.4%), change of type and quality of methadone (25.7%), lack of patients’ adherence to MMT (25.7%), lack of compliance to psychologic therapy (17.1%) and increasing number of clinics and maldistribution of them in the city (17.1%). In addition, supervisory authorities stressed on problems including absence of technical officers in some MMT centers and some clinics run by unqualified persons. Conclusion: The association between the presence of methadone in the illegal market, economic problems and lack of motivation with lack of compliance to and discontinuation of MMT was obvious in this study. Two problems including the presence of methadone in the illegal market and the need for rigorous supervision on MMT clinics with regards to remarkable increase in their number were raised by both technical and supervisory authorities.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
110
113
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2934_054850c25e581a4b0e0c0baa1b625758.pdf
Comparison of Personality Traits in Breast and Lymphoma Cancer Patients with Healthy People
Mercedeh
Faeghi Sharif
General Practitioner
author
Maryam
Javanbakht
Department of Psychiatry, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
author
Gholam Hossein
Nowferesti
Oncology and Radiotherapy Specialist, Omid Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Background: About causes of cancers, different etiologies have been proposed. One possible etiology for cancer can be personality characteristics of individuals. The aim of this study was compare personality traits of breast cancer and lymphoma patients with healthy people. Methods: Ninety patients with breast cancer and lymphoma who referred to a cancer treatment center and oncology clinics, aged 18-50 years with at least secondary school level of education, enrolled in this study (case group). Exclusion criteria were psychologic disorders in the last year, history of admission in hospital due to pschologic disorders in the last year, epilepsy, brain tumors and brain metastases. Demographic data was recorded and the NEO Five factor Inventory was completed by patients. In addition, the questionnaire was completed by 90 age, gender and educational level-matched subjects from the patients’ relatives (control group). Data were statistically analyzed. Results: 93.3% of cases and 85.5% of controls were women. Mean scores of extraversion (P < 0.001) and openness to experience (P < 0.001) were significantly lower and conscientiousness (P = 0.018) was significantly higher in cancer patients compared to controls. The mean score of neuroticism and agreeableness was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: It is likely that introversion, conscientiousness and lack of openness to experiences leads to experiencing more stress and tension and can be considered as underlying causes of cancer. Training the proper ways to deal with stress and problem solving, and training communication skills may be useful in preventing and fighting against cancer.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
114
116
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2948_92d93aa62ea4a3471346a3425300ea5a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2948
Career and Educational Preferences among Medical Students of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Vahid
Roshanravan
School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyed Isaac
Hashemy
Assistant Professor of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Background: Achieving the highest goals of public health needs to establish precise planning for provision of appropriate career platform for medical students, persuasion of graduates to work in public health system and recognition of weak points within the system. This study aimed to identify educational and career goals and preferences of medical students and effective factors on them. Methods: The study included entering medical students of 2005 to 2013, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. The questionnaire was made up of demographic characteristics and questions about educational and career goals. Impact of demographic characteristics on the responses was also statistically analyzed. Results: In this survey, among the target group of 256 students, 100 students (39.1%) responded to the questionnaires. Of these, 64% were men. Mean ± SD age of respondents was 22.6 ± 2.4 years. Most respondents (94%) expressed that they are inclined to higher levels of education after medical doctorate (MD). Among different specialties, cardiology (13%) and dermatology (11%) were the most popular fields. Ten percent of respondents also intended to study medical PhDs, of them genetics and biochemistry were more popular. While in the non-clinical courses, interest in a certain specialty constituted the main motivation, in clinical courses, higher income was the main motivation (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Increasing the efficiency of medical education, effective guidance during academic education and providing medical graduates with appropriate career platform necessitates recognition of medical student's interests and goals. Hence, investigation of these variables in other parts of Iran with larger sample sizes and also provision of suitable infrastructure for the future career of medical students seems to be inevitable.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
117
120
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2949_07642759a394c248ab0c74c15bfc5b90.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2949
Was the Iranian Family Physician Program Successful in Satisfying Healthcare Team: A Study from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences?
Hossein
Khooban
Head of Department of Network Development and Health Promotion, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Behrouz
Dahrazma
Manager of Family Physician Program in Razavi Khorasan Province, Department of Network Development and Health Promotion, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ehsan Mousa
Farkhani
MSc in Epidemiology, Expert in Family Physician Unit, Department of Network Development and Health Promotion, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Background: Job satisfaction in healthcare team members of Iranian family physician program has been considered as an important issue. This study was aimed at determining the level of job satisfaction and its influential factors in family physician team members in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this this descriptive-analytical study, 106 physicians and midwives of family physician team were randomly selected and questioned. In this study, job satisfaction questionnaire (JSS) with 5 point Likert scale was used. In addition, respondents were asked to rate their overall satisfaction with the family physician program on a scale of 20. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. Results: More than half of family physicians (51.9%) were female. The majority of subjects (71%) aged between 25 to 36 years. Mean age of family physicians and midwives was 34.9 ± 6.4 and 32.8 ± 3.5 years respectively. The average work experience in family physicians was 48 months and 69.9 months in midwifes. The mean satisfaction score in all family physician members was 13.3 (4.1), while this score in physicians was 11.9 (4.4) and in midwives was 14.8 (3.3) that showed a significant difference between them (P < 0.001). Physicians had the highest level of satisfaction with workload and expressed the lowest satisfaction with the salary and fringe benefits. Midwives also expressed the highest level of satisfaction with cooperation and communication, and were least satisfied with salary and fringe benefits. Student t test showed a significant correlation between overall satisfaction and gender (P = 0.04), so that women were more satisfied. However, there was no significant relationship between general satisfaction and age, marital status, work experience and number of population covered (P = 0.35). Conclusion: The findings of current study indicated that satisfaction of family physician team members from salary and management is low. It is essential for higher authorities of government and university to pay full attention to promote their job satisfaction.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
121
124
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2950_fcafad5c767ed66f1275bbcc1f764764.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2950
Evaluation of Stigma toward HIV Virus Carriers in Medical Students
Farshid
Abedi
Associate Professor of Infectious Diseases and Topical Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohammad Reza
Akbari
Student, School of Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyed Mostafa
Monzavi
Addiction Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran. Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Background: Stigma is an individual and social phenomenon that causes patients’ isolation from the society and fear of society from the patient. Knowing the transmission ways of HIV virus has caused extensive stigmatization towards people affected. In this study, we tried to evaluate the stigma of medical students (externs and interns) toward HIV carriers. Methods: To evaluate the stigma, AIDS-related stigma questionnaire devised by Mahendra et al. that its reliability and validity were previously ascertained was used. The questions were approved by experts after translation to Persian and cultural adaptation. The questionnaire was completed by 19 medical students in clinical courses who passed the department of infectious diseases and their knowledge about HIV was acceptable. Results: 84% of the population studied had phobia after contacting with saliva of HIV- infected individuals. In addition, 69% of subjects stated that they will not purchase anything from stores with HIV-infected salesman. Forty-seven percent of respondents expressed that if an HIV-infected person is hospitalized on a bed; they would reduce their care and would transfer the patient to the isolation room. Also, 11% of subjects mentioned that if their spouse got infected with the HIV, they would leave him/her. Conclusion: Higher levels of negative judgment and discrimination in medical students in this study showed a low level of education in the field of social factors affecting diseases. The most important factor for reducing stigma is education; therefore, it is recommended to train the medical students about these issues for alleviating the problem.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
125
127
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2951_d71d412fb0beeb88d962ba80df509e81.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.2951
Evaluation of Professional Problems and Mutual Attitude of Physicians and Pharmacists toward Each Other: A Pilot Study in Mashhad
Armin
Mardani
Addiction Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Sara
Shokooh-Saremi
Graduate, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyed Hadi
Mousavi
Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Background: Close cooperation between pharmacists and physicians to provide higher levels of healthcare to community especially in ambulatory care is important. Both physicians and pharmacists experience professional problems in working with each other and have certain expectations from each other. The objective of this study was to evaluate professional problems between physicians and pharmacists. Methods: This study was performed on randomly-selected physicians and pharmacists working in private or public centers in Mashhad, Iran. Subjects voluntarily answered to a predesigned questionnaire containing questions about their demographic characteristics, the most usual problems and expectations in collaboration with pharmacists or physicians and their supposed solutions to improve this collaborative work. These impact of demographic characteristics on the responses were statistically analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Twenty-five physicians and 25 pharmacists were enrolled. Among physicians participated in this study, 60% and among pharmacists 68% were women. Mean (SD) age of physicians was 38.1 ± 9.2 and the mean age of pharmacists was 35.1 ± 10.8 years. The most frequent problems posed by the pharmacists were bad handwriting of physicians (92%), not-written dosage and way of consumption (48%) and lack of consultation and lack of trust to pharmacists (36%). The most common problems of physicians in working relationships with pharmacists were selling prescription-only medications without a physician's order (80%), scientific interference in working with physicians and explaining to the patient that the wrong medication is prescribed by a physician (72%) delivery of wrong medication to the patient by pharmacists (60%). To resolve this problem, both groups emphasized the need for consultation meetings. Conclusion: Both physicians and pharmacists need to identify the most important problems in cooperation with each other and solve them to improve general public health and reduce medication failures.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
128
131
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2952_160c315e94b4bc60a5801bf1c1ce6475.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2952
Epidemiological Profile and Geographical Distribution of Pharmacies in Mashhad, Iran
Ali Morteza
Einy
Mashhad Municipality, Mashhad, Iran
author
Amin
Abdollahzadeh
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ali Reza
Shahriari
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Background: To establish an integrated health system and balanced urban system, controlling the geographical distribution of pharmacies is one of the necessities in every city. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and distribution of pharmacies in the city of Mashhad. Methods: In this this study, data including geographical location of pharmacies, working hour of pharmacy, and the ownership of pharmacy were extracted from the databank of Mashhad Medical Council (MMC) and Vice chancellor for treatment affairs of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). The data included pharmacists and pharmacies registered to the databank up to beginning of April 2014. Results: Up to April 2014, 995 pharmacists have been registered to MMC. In the Mashhad metropolitan area, 460 pharmacies including 423 private pharmacies (92%), 29 governmental pharmacies (6%) and 8 charitable pharmacies (2%) are working that according to pharmacy opening hours, 379 pharmacies were fulltime (82%), 43 were 24 hourly (10%) and 38 were part-time (8%). Considering the zoning of Mashhad (13 municipality zones), the highest number of pharmacies located in zone#1 (25%) followed by and zone#8 (11%), zone#2 (10%) and zone#9 (10%). The ratio of pharmacy to 10,000 population was 1.7 in average in all Mashhad municipality zones while this ratio in Samen zone (7.5) and zone#1 (6.5) was higher and in zone#5 and zone#12 was lower than other zones. Data analysis showed the highest concentration of pharmacies in the zone around Imam Reza Holy Shrine and in two relatively higher-income zones of Mashhad, particularly around the two main public hospitals (Imam Reza and Ghaem). Conclusion: To achieve a balanced distribution of pharmacies, an accurate surveillance and legislation of comprehensive regulations for pharmacy positioning through collaboration of MUMS and MMC is necessary.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
132
136
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2953_0dc0c943ccebcd683cc4a442072a2b53.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2953
Introducing “Freiburg Test” as a New and Accessible Psychophysical Method to Evaluate Contrast Sensitivity
Zahra
Ghorbani
MSc Student of Optometry, Department of Optometry, Tehran University o Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Ali
Mirzajani
Associate Professor of Optometry, Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Ebrahim
Jafarzadehpur
Associate Professor of Optometry, Department of Optometry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Contrast threshold is the minimum amount of contrast required to detect a target in the field and its inverse is called contrast sensitivity. Contrast sensitivity is a complementary test of visual acuity in assessment of visual performance and applied as a potentially useful tool in the early detection of the diseases of visual system. Nowadays, there are several methods for measuring the contrast sensitivity that among them psychophysical tests are the most common. These tests measure contrast sensitivity using a specific and often limited number of spatial frequencies, a constant distance and with a specific optotype, while there is not these limitations in Freiburg test. In Freiburg test, there are various optotypes and in further directions with a variety of different levels of spatial frequency so that running the test is possible in different distances of far, near and intermediate distances. Of the most important characteristics that distinguish Freiburg contrast sensitivity test from other tests are its high sensitivity, reliability and repeatability as well as other qualities such as being standard, new, accessible and affordable. The measurements performed by Freiburg test include several important parameters such as visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
137
143
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2954_c8ebbd71a936e034b878ed42754df1b3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2954
Correct Approach to Cough
Mahnaz
Amini
Pulmonologist, Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
144
145
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2960_298114f6ce41e004ea5a8dc1e856b2e9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2960
New Approaches in the Etiologic Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
Zhaleh
Shariati-Sarabi
Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
146
147
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2961_8f0cff4a304fbacab213c17a72c4f261.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2961
Essentials of Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
Mahdi
Talebi
Psychiatrist, Assistant Professor, Addiction Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
148
149
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2962_d838c55b9a2ba2fb5fe4e69fc3576698.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2962
Addiction Prevention Programs
Abbas
Zavar
Director of Department of Community Mental Health and Addiction, Vice Chancellor for Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
150
151
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2963_44dda7516ffb6e7a9d7b02ea89d90459.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2963
Devotion of Life for Children with Cancer
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
152
152
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2964_3f3225fb21aaae6807ae2380ecc44200.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2635.2964
"Leaving a Good Name", Advice of a Valuable Professor of Oncology to His Children:
In the Memory of Late Professor Mohammad Hossein Salehi
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
153
155
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2965_e91bc4c21eaa9283952931d0ffbee2ff.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2965
Persian History, Medical Science in Ancient Iran (Burnt City)
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
156
156
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2975_2f2f85035a15861956ebe7c7a47141a6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2975
Various Services of Disciplinary Court of Medical Council of Mashhad
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
157
158
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2976_6fb5e87b08e9bb5bee3a19c12d5d783b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2976
Dispute Resolution Councils of Medical Complaints
Gholam Ali
Zare
Forensic Medicine Specialist, Medical Toxicology Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
159
159
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2977_25baa345f05c5ad26a8af9247b66387a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2977
Authentication methods in medicine
Ali Asghar
Yarmohammadi
Department of Urology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
160
160
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2978_51634010f294d7017674e361090b51d4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2635.2978
Physicians on Exploring Nature
Akram Sadat
Taghavi
Director, Mountaineering Club of the Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
161
161
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2979_e7013aa88c808d579743be0bab52f717.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2979
Income tax and payroll tax
Seyed Mohammad Taghi
Farrokhpayam
Tax Adviser, Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
162
162
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2980_9a37721b265c93de966efc6d9d29c427.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2980
News and Letters
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
17
v.
3
no.
2014
163
164
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_2981_7fa46b900fe21f101b9c7b9f9abac3a8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2014.2981