Health Literacy in Ancient Iran: A Medical Glance at the Masterpieces of the Poet Physician of the Ancient Iran; Khaghani Shervani
Reza
Afshari
ٍEditor-in-Chief, Journal of Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
The rich Persian literature is the reflection of thoughts, customs, traditions, culture, anthropology and natural science in Iran. Poets and writers of this country, respected as intellectuals and philosophers, had the knowledge of different aspects of science such as astronomy, medicine, botany, etc. which has been portrayed in their writings and masterpieces. The available medical texts mainly include classic medical sources that are developed during the rapid expansion of science in the past three centuries in the West. Recently, interest in scientific resources of traditional medicine has dramatically increased in Iran. In addition to the traditional books in medicine, Persian literature also contain a treasure trove of medical sciences, which at the specialized level may represent the unexplored parts of traditional Persian medicine; and moreover, the panoramic mirror of medical and “health literacy” of their own time. In this paper, the artistic use of literature for public health educationby Khaghani–Shervani, who was the greatest Iranian poet familiar with medicine, was investigated. Because of application of his deep medical knowledge in the poems, Khaghani’s poetry was difficult to understand by lay people. It is hoped that by the attention of Iranian experts and physicians, the icons of Persian medical history become more introduced to the next generation of medical community, so that it will be possible to strengthen the philosophy of being a physician and expand the link between medical sciences and general public to augment health literacy.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
2
5
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6199_5a2f87196381bfe5ecf70b909d0dc276.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6199
Assessment of Drug Prescriptions Based on WHO Indicators in Family Physician Program in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
Reza
Eftekhari Gol
PhD in Pharmacology; Director, Department of Network Development and Health Promotion, Vice Chancellor for Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ehsan
Mousa Farkhani
MSc in Epidemiology; Department of Network Development and Health Promotion, Vice Chancellor for Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Betsabeh
Yousefi
MSc in Educational Management; School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Background: Rational use of medicine and moving toward a society with appropriate, safe and efficient use of medicine are among the main focuses of the World Health Organization's recommendations. This study aimed to investigate the drug prescription pattern in Iranian rural family physician program in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 14189 drug prescriptions issued in 152 rural health centers under the supervision of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences related to the year 2014 were randomly selected. Indicators including price, number of medicines per prescription, percentage of prescriptions containing at least one injectable drug, antibiotic, corticosteroid and differences according to the physicians’ work experience, type of pharmacy (public or private), patients’ gender and physicians’ gender were assessed. Results: Mean number of medicines per prescription was 3.18 ± 1.28. Mean number of medicines per prescription was 3.15 ± 1.18 for male patients and was 3.2 ± 1.28 for female patients, which their difference was statistically significant (P = 0.01). Frequency of prescriptions containing at least one injectable drug, antibiotic or corticosteroid were 39.5%, 50.8% or 23.7%, respectively. Based on the work experience, physicians with low experience, prescribed more injectable drugs and antibiotics. Mean price of prescription prescribed by female physicians was significantly higher than male physicians (78,472 ± 59,923 IRR (2.24 ± 1.71 US$) vs. 76,205 ± 58,262 IRR (2.18 ± 1.6 US$); P = 0.009). Conclusion: Mean number of medicines per prescription in the operating healthcare units of family physician program under supervision of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences was higher than country goal and international standards. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate special educational programs for physicians, and also to monitor the operating healthcare units of family physician program by designing surveillance programs on prescribing patterns.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
6
10
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6161_33ed8dae028e0a788418c4e1b2fb060e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6161
Prevalence of Dental Caries Experience among 8 to 11-Year-Old Students in Primary Schools of Mashhad
Seyed Ali
Banihashem-Rad
Assistant Professor of Periodontics, Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Taraneh
Movahed
Assistant Professor of Community Dentistry, Dental Materials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Simin
Partovi
Professor of Pediatrics, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mahsa
Sharifi
Restorative Dentistry Expert, Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyed Ali Ahmad
Banihashem-Rad
Undergraduate Dental Student, Dentistry School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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text
article
2015
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Background: Evaluation of oral health status plays an important role in planning for community health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of caries experience in Mashhad primary school students aged 8 to 11 years in 2007-8. Methods: Students aged 8 to 11 years were selected from public elementary schools in Mashhad (3rd, 4th, and 5th zones). Study variables were child’s age, frequency of daily teeth brushing, father’s educational level and family income. For evaluation of dental caries experience; decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index was used. Prevalence of caries experience was expressed as the percentage of children who had caries experience in their either primary or permanent teeth (dmft > 0 or DMFT > 0). Results: In total, 552 students with mean age of 9.6 years were included. The prevalence of caries experience in permanent teeth of children was 60% and in primary teeth was 85%. The prevalence of caries experience in both primary and permanent teeth was 95.9%. Mean DMFT in girls was 1.3 ± 1.3 and in boys was 1.25 ± 1.22; which were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.59). Mean dmft in girls was 3.28 ± 2.56 and in boys was 3.43 ± 2.43; which were also not significantly different from each other (P = 0.42). Analysis of mean DMFT and dmft within the responses of the subjects to the question of frequency of daily tooth brushing showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.03, 0.05, respectively), which means that children who responded that they brush their teeth 3 times per day, had the lowest mean of DMFT and dmft. Conclusion: The results of the current study illustrate increased level of DMFT compared to country survey in 1996 (38%) and a survey in Khorasan province among 9-year-old children in 2002 (56%). This challenge displays the necessity of early detection of caries in primary schools of Mashhad and the implementation of programs to promote oral and dental health in schools.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
11
14
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6163_246726730ce3a71932e9de8649965267.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6163
Evaluation of Claims Referred to Board of Appeal of the Disciplinary Court of Mashhad Medical Council during 2008 to 2013
Abbas
Azimi
Professor of optometry, Paramedical Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyed Mostafa
Monzavi
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
Seyed Hadi
Mousavi Mohammadi
Disciplinary Court, Deputy Disciplinary of Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
Negareh
Yazdani
MSc in Optometry, Paramedical Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohammad
Asadi
Disciplinary Court, Deputy Disciplinary of Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
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text
article
2015
per
Background: This study was designed to investigate the medical malpractice claims referred to the Board of Appeal of Disciplinary Court in Mashhad Medical Council (MMC). Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, cases referred to the Board of Appeal in the years 2008 to 2013 were reviewed and extracted data were entered into a checklist. Results: During this six-year period, 1943 malpractice claims were initially filed in the Disciplinary Court of MMC. Subsequent to issuing the initial verdict by the Council of Magistrates, after objection of the plaintiff or defendant, or both; 628 cases were referred to the Board of Appeal. The majority of claims were filed against gynecologists (16.1%), followed by orthopedists (13.1%) and general practitioners (12.3%). Most of the verdicts issued by the Council of Magistrates were innocence (46.3%), article “g” (23.5%), and article “b” (11.3%). Appellant in 52.6% of cases were the plaintiff, 39.3% were the defendant and in 8% were both the plaintiff and the defendant. In most cases (83.4%) the initial verdict was confirmed, while in 16.6% cases, the initial verdict was challenged. As a result, after the objection, the number of innocence (non-faulty) verdicts increased by 11.7%. The average time from the moment of submission of the claim till the initial verdict by Council of Magistrates was 147±103 days and the average time from the moment of objection to the initial verdict till the decision of the Board of Appeal was 248±113 days. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that about one-third of the verdicts issued by the Council of Magistrates were objected and referred to the Board of Appeal, but only in about one-sixth of objected cases or one-eighteenth of the total cases, the initial verdict was challenged. Medical community members should respect medical ethics in dealing with patients to achieve their satisfaction and trust; and they should strictly comply with treatment and legal protocols to prevent any legal and penal consequences in case of disease complications and failures in medical procedures.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
15
19
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6164_5725e441450f6f971f634ddaa0ea1c52.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6164
Epidemiological Profile and Geographical Distribution of Private Rehabilitation Clinics in Mashhad, Iran
Ali Morteza
Einy
Iranian Organization for Engineering Order of Building, Mashhad, Iran
author
Amin
Abdollahzadeh
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
Hossein
Rajaie
Chairman of the Board of Physiotherapy Association – Branch of Khorasan Provinces, Mashhad, Iran
author
Zahra
Shojaee
Addiction Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
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Background: Prompt and easy access is an essential component of a fair health care delivery. This study was designed to investigate the frequency and density of private rehabilitation clinics in 13 urban districts of Mashhad city. Methods: In this study, the absolute and relative distributions of private rehab clinics in the city of Mashhad (up to the end of 2014) were extracted from Mashhad Medical Council database. The data related to geographical districts and demographic features were obtained from reports issued by the Municipality of Mashhad. Results: By the end of 2014, a total of 309 private rehab clinic/center/offices were active in 13 districts of Mashhad, which with respect to 2,766,258 population size of Mashhad is equal to 1.1 clinic per 10,000 people. The frequency of these clinics in regard to the type of service provided is as follow: 133 optometry (43%), 69 physiotherapy (22%), 31 nutrition (10%), 29 audiometry/audiology (9%), 24 speech therapy (8%) 18 occupational therapy (6%) and 5 technical orthopedic (2%) clinics. Considering the zoning of the city of Mashhad, the largest number of rehab clinics was in district 1 (39.8%) followed by district 11 (14.6%). Based on the results, in district 12, no rehab clinic was active. The number of rehab clinics to 10,000 people in districts 1, 8 and 11 was the highest and in districts 5, 6 and 12 was the lowest. The number of rehab clinics to 10,000 people in district one (7.2), eight (3.2) and elven (2.3) were 6.5, 2.9 and 1.2 times higher than the average of all districts in Mashhad (1.1), respectively. Conclusion: Of factors effective to have a modern, clean and healthy city, is balanced and equitable distribution of entertainment, health and municipal services and facilities in most parts of a city. It is necessary to provide a comprehensive health map of the city with the collaboration of universities, health policy makers and medical associations.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
20
25
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6165_fce89944f44ba97d3d59ecc93827d984.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6165
An Investigation of the Impact of Television Advertising on Children’s Eating Behavior and Obesity
Jila
Pourkiani
In-Charge; Public Relations, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Nafiseh
Kashipazan Javan
Public Relations, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Roya
Raeefard
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2015
per
Food advertising on television, which mainly targets children and adolescents, is one of the major environmental factors on food consumption among this age group. Pervasive influence of food advertising in television has a direct impact on children’s knowledge, attitude, purchase behavior and consumption patterns. Wide area of advertising is subject to food advertising which up to 98% of it is related to junk food advertising. Thus, television commercials, especially sugary and low-nutritious food marketing, due to a potential role in increasing obesity epidemic and promoting unhealthy diet in children has always been under significant criticisms. Disseminating food preferences via media affects children not only in the context of brands, but also in the use of high-energy food. Children more likely choose high-fat and -carbohydrate food and prefer buying the advertised brand. As a result, obesity among children is inevitable. The impact of television advertisements on the attitudes, preferences and eating habits of children and adolescents should be greatly taken into account by higher health authorities. According to recent studies, Iranian society is facing an increased trend of obesity and diabetes. In order to reduce the effect of inappropriate advertisements on the children’s diet, preferences and obesity; several measures such as issuing comprehensive governmental guidelines in this regard, laying down legal limits for advertising high fat and calorie food industry, educational television programs for children to promote the importance of having healthy and complete diet and families’ attention to control the purchase behavior of their children for high-calorie junk food seems necessary.
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
26
29
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6166_8e6953de04c971e748bbf84446503f09.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6166
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ladan
Goshayeshi
Gastroenterologist, Assistant Professor, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
30
31
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6200_80d246538f1dea61762281fedd3f8f84.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6200
Enteropathic Arthritis
Zhaleh
Shariati-Sarabi
Associate Professor of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
32
32
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6201_49c0bb8d0cb9435472a8b7b292789a1e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6201
Informed Consent and Authorization Letter; What Medical Staff Should Know
Alireza
Ghassemi Toussi
Forensic Medicine Specialist, Law Expert, Addiction Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
33
34
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6202_ee192d43e53a5efd88a3ec8a66a6ef3a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6202
An Overlook at Two Important Issues in Pediatrics: "Toilet Training" and "Rational Prescription of Azithromycin for Children"
Mohammad Saeid
Sasan
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
35
36
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6203_d8ebd295c0c13462801e39f6993d2839.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6203
Acupuncture; Mechanism of Action, Indications and Effectiveness
Shapour
Badiee Aval
Assistant Professor, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
37
39
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6204_81f663f771b46950d6c04cf284dec2f2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6204
A Major Tragedy Turned into a Greater Blessing
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
40
41
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6208_aa0e842207283f9497188dcb98de2f85.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6208
Demise of Three Outstanding Pioneers, Three Old Fellows from the Founders of Mashhad Medical Council
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
42
44
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6209_20858cb9cfa849dff807933d7bea94af.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6209
Feast for Health Activists: Commemorating Ceremony of Physicians' and Pharmacists' Day, 2015
Seyed Zia-Allah
Haghi
Secretary, Scientific-Professional Associations of Medical Community in Razavi Khorasan Province, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
45
47
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6210_71e7fbad11a540e0509290f9b64d3f05.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6210
No Patient Should Be Deprived from Health Care Services due to Poverty; Introduction to Services of "Sarvar" Foundation
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
48
49
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6211_ad59391402cca8e3ba168b830b98c339.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6211
The Mirror; Report on the Activities of Mashhad Medical Council in the Spring and Summer 2015
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
50
52
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6212_c8e685eea838403d2a630968aeeef74a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6212
The Threat of Reemergence of Tuberculosis in Iran Regarding the Extensive Prevalence in Neighboring Countries
Amin
Samiei
Coordinator of TB Program, Health Center of Razavi Khorasan Province, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
53
53
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6213_13b0e3003e6495dd7332b703a91b2f5f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6213
The Causes of Low Consumption of Dairy Products in Iran
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
per
Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
54
55
https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6214_da48bfc464d9fbde8f321301ef15be86.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6214
News
Editorial
Office
Mashhad Medical Council, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
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Journal of Mashhad Medical Council
Mashhad Medical Council
2383-1669
19
v.
1
no.
2015
56
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https://jmmc.mums.ac.ir/article_6215_532c0a1e0cd61097af2884aa48c8acea.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/jmmc.2015.6215